From the Sundarbans to Timor-Leste: Scaling Nature-Based Carbon Projects

Manir Dhabak··6 min read
Timor-Leste smallholder agroforestry project

How Flora Carbon AI is supporting agroforestry and mangrove restoration projects across India and Timor-Leste.

Where does Flora Carbon AI work?

Flora Carbon AI supports nature-based carbon projects across three continents, spanning agroforestry, mangrove restoration, and forest restoration landscapes. We work in multiple geographies deliberately: the challenges of implementation and monitoring change with context, and a monitoring approach that only works in one setting is not a monitoring approach worth building.

Flora Carbon AI project geographies and scale.
GeographyProject typeScale
West Bengal, IndiaAgroforestryAround 100 farmers
Sundarbans, IndiaMangrove reforestation monitoringLand screening and LULC mapping
Timor-LesteSmallholder agroforestryMore than 2,000 farmers
Peru, Bolivia, ColombiaAmazon forest restorationContributing partner
Uganda, KenyaEast Africa expansionEarly-stage

Full detail on each of these is on the projects page.

What does agroforestry carbon look like in India?

In India we are supporting an agroforestry carbon project with around 100 farmers, helping them integrate trees into working farmland in a way that supports both carbon sequestration and livelihoods. At this participant count the hard part is not the science but the bookkeeping: every farmer, plot, and planting event has to be captured consistently enough to survive an audit years later. The work covers field monitoring, structured data capture through FloraTrace, and project design with clear carbon accounting from the outset.

Why is mangrove restoration in the Sundarbans different?

The Sundarbans initiative centres on mangrove reforestation monitoring, where FloraScope handles land screening and land-use and land-cover mapping. Mangrove ecosystems are tidal, dynamic, and often physically difficult to survey on foot, which makes satellite-based change detection far more than a convenience — in many stretches it is the only practical way to see how the landscape is moving over time. Tracking that change is what connects restoration progress to carbon project eligibility.

How do you scale to 2,000+ farmers in Timor-Leste?

In Timor-Leste we support a smallholder agroforestry carbon project involving more than 2,000 farmers — roughly twenty times the participant count of the India project. That scale changes the problem qualitatively, not just quantitatively, because each participating farmer and plot must enter the evidence system in a form a verifier can trace individually. Manual reconciliation does not survive that many participants, which is precisely the MRV gap digital tooling exists to close.

The project demonstrates how carbon finance can reach rural communities when the implementation model is designed for transparency at scale from the beginning rather than retrofitted once the participant list grows.

Related questions

Where is Flora Carbon AI currently active?

Flora Carbon AI is active in India, including the Sundarbans and an agroforestry pilot with around 100 farmers, as well as Timor-Leste, where we support a smallholder agroforestry project with 2,000+ farmers. We are also contributing to restoration work in the Amazon region and expanding into East Africa.

Which types of projects do you support?

We support agroforestry, afforestation and reforestation, REDD+, improved forest management, and blue carbon projects. These are the project types where strong evidence, land monitoring, and transparent reporting are especially important.

What does FloraScope do?

FloraScope is a GIS and remote sensing platform used for land analysis, project screening, and spatial monitoring. It helps teams understand land conditions early and supports more informed decisions during project development.

Written by Manir Dhabak · May 2, 2026